An ideology, attitude, practise or action shall be
inclusive, that is, it shall include, take into consideration
and respect all matters of the field it covers, without
arbitrarily and exclusively choosing, or being appealed by,
matters of one kind and not choosing, or not being appealed by,
those of another kind. It shall not stimulate alienation from
specific things due to a tendency of excluding or exclusivity,
or due to ignorance. It shall not arbitrarily endow certain
things with highness, while attributing lowness to other ones.
It shall be as broad in orientation as possible while simultaneously
refraining from inadmissible generalizations. This is
inclusive theory and practise as governed by the norm of
inclusivity. (The words matter and thing are to be
understood in their widest sense here. They do not only refer to
material things but also to events and phenomena; not only to
systems of primary predicates but also to systems of secondary
predicates and other predicative systems; not only to
nonpersonal matters or things but also to persons or groups of
persons.)
When saying that all matters of a field covered by an
ideology, attitude or practise should be included, taken into
consideration and 'respected', we certainly do not use respect
in the sense of thinking high of, treating with high regard
or honoring. The principle of relevance --in other words: the
norm of inclusivity-- does not as such prescribe any particular
predicate of the honor-catena, let alone the, or a, positivity
of this catena. It is a practical corollary of the principle
tho, that where it is impossible to treat literally everyone
with high or with low regard everyone should be treated with
neutral regard. Regard is, then, used in the same sense as
respect when it means concern (and what is someone`s
'concern' is, again, a 'matter for consideration'). The norm of
inclusivity does not require that we honor, but that we show
concern --in the first instance-- for everything and all matters
we meet on our way. Every inclusive ideology, attitude or
practise shall concern, and show concern for, all matters of the
field it covers. It shall not result from arbitrarily and
exclusively thinking high of things, such as particular sorts of
sentient beings, of bodily qualities or of personal characteristics;
and it shall not result from arbitrarily eliminating or
ignoring other things of a different sort.
It may seem paradoxical but inclusiveness does need a certain
type of exclusion, namely the exclusion of exclusiveness.
(Compare freedom which needs a certain type of control, namely
the control over attempts to interfere with other people`s
freedom.) Without the exclusion of exclusiveness, inclusiveness
would lose every meaning. Exclusivist ideologies, and exclusive
or exclusionist attitudes and practises, are the only matters an
inclusive body can never include, take into consideration or
respect.
In general we employ, and will continue to employ, the
phrases exclusive(ness), exclusivity, exclusion and
to exclude in such a way that the irrelevance of the exclusion or
the act of making something exclusive is already part of the
meaning of the phrase. This usage is not different from that of
discrimination when it does not just mean making a distinction
but making an irrelevant distinction. In informal
parlance this nonrelevance is, or can be, part of the meaning of
phrases like respect, regard and concern too, and it
definitely is part of the meaning of arbitrariness. Arbitrary
is that which is selected without reason, while that which is
selected for a reason (even a random distribution) has
relevance at least as an implicit criterion. An arbitrary
decision is not just a decision made on the basis of one`s own
opinion, rather than on the basis of a general rule or law; it
is a decision on the basis of one`s own opinion to do something
with respect to which one`s own opinion is not unique, that is,
a decision which concerns other people as well. When an action
solely concerns oneself in every respect, it need not be
arbitrary at all to decide by one`s own opinion. But a ruler who
uses `er power without thinking of other people`s opinions and
feelings is, indeed, 'an arbitrary ruler' as `e rules over
others, not just over `imself.
It is easy to speak of "arbitrariness", "respect" and
suchlike when it is agreed on already what correct or incorrect
behavior would be in the first place. It is when people disagree
that a guideline is needed most, and the norm of inclusivity is
then not the sole one but an important one. Each question of
inclusivity, however --and with it each question of what is
'arbitrary', or of what is 'respect'--, boils down to a question
of relevance. This does or did not only apply to rulers of whole
countries, but equally, for example, to the person or persons
who take the decisions in an office or company, whether private,
worker-owned or government-owned. These decisions do also concern
the relationship between the manager or management and the
workers employed by them, or by whom they are employed themselves.
One such decision might be that the employees or workers
must dress and/or adorn themselves in a particular way, perhaps
even dependent on their gender, if not gender and age, or
gender, age and class. Talking of "arbitrariness" and "respect"
will then not carry anyone much further, and it might be
illustrative to see what role the universal version of the
principle of relevance can play in such situations. We will
analyze this role in an imaginary example. For the sake of
clarity we must leave out other normative considerations than
those of inclusivity (or relevance) and truth in this example.