4.4 |
PERSONHOOD AS ONE OF FOUR PILLARS |
4.4.1 |
FROM ANANORM TO ANANORM |
The system of disciplinary thought centering round
the norm of neutrality or ananorm is
neutralism. Neutrality is
the ultimate end, purpose or 'telos' of neutralism. The system of
disciplinary thought centering round both the norm of neutrality
and the norm of inclusivity
is neutralism-inclusivism or neutral-inclusivism.
Neutral-inclusivity is the general,
ultimate value of neutral-inclusivism. The system of disciplinary
thought centering round the norms of neutrality and inclusivity
and the veridicalist interpretation of
the principle of truth is what we have called
"the doctrine of neutral-inclusivity" or
"DNI". This doctrine is a goal-duty-based doctrine, and so are
the neutral-inclusivist and neutralist components of it. Goal
is, then, to be understood in a wide, past-, present- and
future-regarding, causal and noncausal sense. The DNI does
recognize rights too, but they are intrinsic rights derived from
neutral-inclusive or truth-related, doctrinal goals. That is why
our ideology is, doctrinally speaking, goal-duty-based or
teleological. On the other hand it is, metadoctrinally speaking,
right-duty-based or rights-theoretical. This agrees with an
interideologically inclusive attitude towards adherence to the
DNI itself. The extrinsic right in question is
the right to personhood which
is based on the sole practical metadoctrinal principle espoused by us
in addition to the principles of the doctrine of neutral-inclusivity.
The recognition of the doctrinal principle of neutrality
leads within the bounds of neutral-inclusivism itself to the
formulation of both distributive goals like those of equality
and nondistributive goals like well-being and the minimization
of unhappiness or suffering. Besides this the recognition of
the doctrinal principle of relevance
demands from us nondiscrimination and respect for persons. Altho the
ananorm and the norm of inclusivity together seem sufficient to guarantee
people's autonomy and bodily integrity, personhood requires that
every person be treated as such regardless of the first-order
doctrine 'e or anyone else
embraces. While in our case the DNI is fully compatible with the right to
personhood, there are but too many ideologies or normative doctrines for
which this has not held, or for which this still does not hold.
For those who distinguish first- from second-order reasons,
it might be said that the doctrinal principles of the DNI
provide us with first-order reasons to act or not to act in a
certain way. Or, it might be said that the doctrine's intrinsic
rights and duties are first-order reasons. The right to personhood,
or the metadoctrinal principle of personhood, however,
provides us with a second-order reason not to do a certain
act. In general second-order reason has been defined as
reason to act or to refrain from acting for some reason. Since
rights of personhood are nonactivating, the second-order reason
concerned is always a reason to refrain from acting for some
reason. Such second-order reasons have been termed "exclusionary",
but they have nothing to do with the type of exclusion or
exclusiveness as denounced in the norm of inclusivity. So the
metadoctrinal principle can --if not in practise, then at least
theoretically-- confront us with a so-called 'exclusionary'
reason not to act in accordance with the DNI. The reason is then
that acting on one of our doctrine's principles would infringe a
right of personhood, that is, the extrinsic right of a person
who is not willing to cooperate with us, while having the right
not to cooperate with us. But the knife cuts both ways: if
adherents of the DNI do not have the right to impose their own
principles on nonadherents of the DNI (and they do not have that
right), then adherents of supernaturalist, exclusivist, extremist
and lesser unneutralist doctrines do not have the right
either to impose their beliefs, institutions and symbols on
adherents of the DNI.
The doctrine of neutral-inclusivity is a normative doctrine,
and the principle of personhood a normative principle. The
normative system of disciplinary thought which comprises both,
and which is our denominational ideology or 'doctrine' in the
widest sense, may therefore be referred to as "the Norm".
The Norm is a proper name but obviously not an arbitrary one.
No other proper name can more clearly and adequately express that
our ideology is a normist instead of a theocentrist one. (In
the last chapter of this book we will further
discuss the position of this proper name in the antithesis between
normism and theocentrism.) To emphasize that our denominational doctrine
is not just a normist denominational doctrine, we shall speak of
"the Ananorm", that is, the Norm of neutrality or the Norm of
neutral-inclusivity. The proper adjective belonging to it is
Ananormative.
There is one pillar which supports neutralism, namely the
ananorm. There are two pillars which support neutral-inclusivism,
namely the previous one and the norm of inclusivity. There
are three pillars which support the DNI, namely the previous
ones and the principle of truth. And finally, there are four
pillars which support the total normative edifice of the
Ananorm, namely the previous ones and the right to personhood.
It is these four normative pillars we shall hold on to in this
Model. They are listed in
figure F.4.4.1.1.
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